We view a learner’s current and past instructional environments as primarily responsible for learning gains. Instructional environments encompass a vast array of features such as:



• how motivational systems are designed,
• how learning materials are designed and presented,
• how responses are prompted, secured and strengthened,
• how feedback is provided,
• how learning is measured and evaluated,
• how instruction is modified based on this evaluation, and
• how skill mastery is determined and produced.

These are a few of the critical features of instructional environments that impact the learning gains made by a student. When students fail, struggle, stagnate or require any kind of acceleration, we turn to an analysis and modification of these critical features that make up the student’s instructional environment.